Syllabuses of Ascending Computer and Secretariat School.

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ( CERTIFICATE, DIPLOMA $ ADVANCE DIPLOMA )
Certificate
Introduction to Business
Business Communication
I T Application
Quantitative Methods
Diploma
Organisational  Behavior
Financial Accounting
Economics Principles
Human Resource Management
Computer in business
Advance Diploma
Sales and Marketing
Entrepreneurship
Event Management
Business information System

BUSINESS SECRETARY ( CERTIFICATE, DIPLOMA & ADVANCE DIPLOMA)
Certificate
Introduction to Business
Business Communication
I T Application
Typing Techniques and training
Diploma
Financial Accounting
Business Communication
Organisational Behavior
Computer Application
Computer in Business
Advance Diploma
Managerial Accounting
Management in Action
Data management and web design
Principle of Business Law

INFORMATION COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY( CERTIFICATE, DIPLOMA & ADVANCE DIPLOMA)
Certificate
Introduction to Business
I T Application
Computer and Industries
Introduction to Accounting

Diploma
Computer Repairs and maintenance
Computer in Business
Principle of Programming
Computer Networking
Quantitative Methods
Advance Diploma
System Analysis $ Design
Information System Project Management
Internet System Development
Database Application

INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS
1. Understand and describe the nature and purpose of business in
terms of what businesses do, what resources they need and who
they are accountable to
2. Describe the structure and classification of business
3. Understand the different objectives that exist in a business and
appreciate the different stakeholder perspectives
4. Understand how the external environment creates opportunities
and threats for a business
5. Understand the factors that influence the scale of production, the
location of production and the choice between different types of
production process
6. Explain the need for, and describe the means of, achieving control
over quality and stock levels in production
7. Understand and describe the marketing process in terms of
identifying, targeting and satisfying customers
8. Understand and explain marketing strategy and marketing planning

INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
1. Explain the principles which govern the transmission of information
in business situations
2. Compose all common types of written communication in a clear,
complete and correct way, with attention to presentation and
neatness
3. Describe the principles of communicating orally in an effective way
4. Explain how non-verbal signals can help or hinder communication
5. Describe common barriers to successful communication and explain
how to overcome them, including:
6. Summarise effectively simple business documents and show an
understanding of their content
7. Describe the role of computer and related technology in modern business communication
8. Describe and explain office organizational skill
9 Describe formal and informal communications structures in
business contexts and explain why, and how, they operate
10 Explain the meaning of common business and communications
terms, and also their uses, benefits and drawbacks

INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNT
1. Describe and explain briefly the nature and scope of accounting
2. Describe, explain and accurately reflect double entry bookkeeping
principles and adjustments from books of original entry such as
day books to the trial balance stage
3. Prepare a set of final annual accounts, including any appropriate
adjustments needed, for a sole trader, a partnership and a limited
company
4. Understand the need for and complete accurately a cash flow
statement
5. Undertake some financial ratio analysis of a company’s accounts
and make reasoned judgements and comments on company
performance based on their figures
6. Describe, explain and calculate accurately different elements of
costs
7. Describe, explain and calculate labour and material costs
8. Describe and explain the essential concepts and principles of
break-even analysis and undertake calculations accurately to
demonstrate their overall understanding and knowledge
9. Describe and explain the concepts and principles of budgeting
and the essential factors behind budgetary control

QUANTITATIVE METHODS
1. Demonstrate the rules of numeracy
2. Apply calculations
3. Use algebraic methods
4. Construct and use: graphs, charts and diagrams
5. Present data effectively and compute and interpret a range of
summary statistics
6. Explain the basic concepts of probability and probability
distributions and compute probabilities
7. Apply concepts of probability to analyse business decision making
under conditions of uncertainty

ECONOMICS
1. Explain the problem of scarcity, the concept of opportunity cost,
the difference between macroeconomics and microeconomics
and the difference between normative and positive economics
2. Explain the theory of consumer choice using the concept of
utility, individual demand and market demand. Explain the
concept of elasticity in relation to different types of good and firm
behaviour through an understanding of the revenue function.
Solve numerical problems involving elasticity
3. Discuss the theory of costs, explaining the differences and
relationships between the various types of cost and
distinguishing between the short- and long-run. Solve numerical
problems based on cost information. Explain the concept of
profit maximisation and solve problems using diagrams and data.
Explain the link between a firm’s supply curve and its cost
functions. Explain and contrast, in words and with diagrams, the
concepts of economies of scale and returns to scale
4. Explain the concerpt of market equilibrium
5 Explain the profit maximizing outcome under monopoly and perfect competition
6. Explain the kinked demand curve model of oligopoly and model of monopolistic competition
7. Evaluate national income as a measure of societal well being
8. Explain and evaluate the effectiveness of monetary policy in close and open economy.
9. Understand and interpret the main objectives of government macroeconomics policy.
10. Understand how exchange rate are determined and understand the relative merit of fixed and floating exchange rate regime.

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOR
1. Discuse the nature and meaning of organizational behavior
2. Analyse individual contribution to organisional behavior and performance
3. Understand the goals, expectations and roles of individuals
within organisations
4. Understand the nature and meaning of motivation and examine a
variety of content and process theories together with their
implications for management
5. Explain the nature and meaning of job satisfaction, its
relationship to work performance and the various approaches
designed to improve it

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
1. Understand the framework of financial accounting
2. Prepare and present the financial statements of limited
companies
3. Analyse and interpret financial statements
4. Evaluate capital structure and gearing
5. Prepare and present consolidated accounts in accordance with
IGAAP
6. Identify, discuss and appraise the sources of finance available to
Businesses

SALES AND MARKETING
1. Understand the nature, role and value of modern marketing in a
wide variety of settings and organizations, whether profit making,
not for profit, service industries, product based, business to
consumer, business to business, domestic, international or
global. Appreciate the creative nature of marketing and its
relationship to entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial orientation
2. Understand the concept of the marketing mix (particularly the
‘7P’ service marketing mix) and its application nationally and
internationally and especially the interrelated and interactive
nature of the mix elements in the formulation of an integrated
marketing plan. Understand the nature of services and the
extended marketing mix of product, price, place, promotion,
people, processes and physical evidence (7P’s) appropriate to the
product and services marketing mix
3. Gain a theoretical and practical understanding of managerial
marketing decision making through the introduction of general
marketing concepts, techniques and tools of market analysis to
enable students to contribute towards the development of
effective marketing strategies and plans and develop the ability to
manage the marketing process effectively at the domestic and
international / global levels. Formulate marketing plans and
understand the sequential stages within the marketing planning
process. Appreciate the integrated nature of the marketing plan
develop some understanding of marketing budgets, time
schedules, allocation of responsibilities, monitoring and control
procedures and contingency plans
4. Evaluate the need for and role of information in marketing
decision making. Understanding of the concept of ‘Marketing
Information Systems’ and the contribution of formal marketing
research, marketing research methodology and the stages in the
marketing research process. Understand the main sources of
secondary and primary data and an appreciation as to how such
data can be used to improve marketing decisions
5. Analyse the key macro and micro environmental factors affecting
marketing decisions and be able to conduct environmental
scanning and an external marketing audit
6. Assess consumer and organizational buyer behaviour and
understand the main drivers and influences on purchasing
behaviour at the individual, household and organizational levels
7. Plan and conduct segmentation, targeting and positioning and
develop an understanding of segmentation ‘tools’, bases and
techniques
8. Understand the use of the Internet and related technologies such
as SMS. Examine developments such as the World Wide Web, the
Internet, e-commerce in general, databases and their applications
such as data base marketing, customer relationship management,
data mining and data fusion and the way these new developments
and techniques have changed the face of marketing practice over
the recent past and will continue to do in the future. The use of
computer based technologies in customer relationship
management in relation to the provision of products and services
9. Understand the nature of the marketing of services and the
importance of service industries to modern economies.
Understand analytical frameworks in relation to service marketing
such as the GAPS model and other service quality frameworks.
Relate the marketing of services to the application of Internet
based technologies

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
1. Understand the principal elements and theories of HRM as they
relate to the role of the HR professional and that of the line
manager in managing, leading and motivating people
2. Understand ethical issues and dilemmas which affect the
management of people and the organisation’s approach to its
stakeholders
3. Understand the importance of Human Resource Planning (HRP)
for the effective conduct of the organisation’s activities
4. Understand that effective recruitment is crucial to the successful
functioning of an organisation
5. Compare and contrast learning, training and development and
demonstrate their importance to the long-term success of an
organisation
6. Understand a variety of forms of performance appraisal
7. Compare and contrast approaches to reward, recognition and
performance management
8. Explain the principles of job design and discuss the application of the concepts to changing organisational and employee needs
9. Identify and discuss the principles of Health and Safety and the
benefits to organisational effectiveness of healthy and safe
employees
10. Apply systematic, legal and ethical approaches to employee
discipline, grievance and dismissal
11. Explain the application of principles of communication to a variety
of aspects of employee involvement, motivation and performance
12. Identify and explain the importance of individual employee’s
personal development and be able to make judgements (in workbased
or case study examples) about the extent to which
employees should develop their career and competence in
collaboration with or independently of their employer

MANAGEMENT IN ACTION
1. Understand, evaluate and apply, within a business context, key
theories and concepts covered in the units:
2 Understand the nature, role and significance of management
activities in a range of organisations
3 Identify and explain the structure and content of meetings and
interviews
4 Explain and employ the various types of written communication
used in business and organisational contexts
5 Discuss and describe the use of visual aids to enhance oral
communication
6 Demonstrate an understanding of information technology used
for business communication

MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING
1. Compare and contrast the control systems required for materials,
labour and overheads
2. Analyse data according to various cost classifications and the
effect of volume on costs
3. Describe and explain how cost systems differ by activity i.e.
job, process and contract costing
4. Describe and explain costs for short-term decision making
5. Compare and contrast the difference between marginal and
absorption costing
6. Explain the purpose of budgetary control
7. Discuss the purpose of standard costing and variance analysis
8. Understand the purpose and importance of working capital
management
9. Appraise capital investment projects
10. Understand performance measurement
11. Understand the information requirements of management

PRINCIPLE OF BUSINESS LAW
1. Understand and explain the Sources of Law and Types of Law
2 Describe and explain Common Law reasoning and institutions
3 Describe and explain the different types of business organization
4 Define and explain contract law
5 Define and explain vitiating terms
6 Describe and explain terms of contract
7 Define and explain discharge of a contract
8 Define and explain remedies for breach of contract
9 Define and explain consumer law
10 Define and explain agency (relevant cases should be cited and
discussed)

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
1. Explain the meaning of ‘Information System’ and related terms
2. Explain in detail the conventional (traditional) methodology of
systems analysis and design (SAD)
3. Explain the analysis stages of conventional SAD
4. Explain the design approach adopted in conventional SAD
5. Explain the main features of the Structured Systems Analysis and
Design Methodology (SSADM)
6. Explain the main modelling techniques employed in SSADM and
should be able to employ these techniques to solve problems
7. Compare and contrast alternative approaches to information
systems development
8. Explain the importance of standards in SAD
9. Create plans for the implementation of operational systems
10. Manage systems problems relating to security and long term Support
I T APPLICATION
1. Explain word processing (WP) terminology and demonstrate basic skills in WP techniques as applicable to the business environment
2. Define spreadsheet (SS) terms and apply basic SS techniques to a range of simple commercial and accounting applications
3. Explain basic terms employed in database systems and implement databases for use in simple business applications
4. Describe the basic concepts of electronic mail (e-mail) and apply them to routine office tasks
5. Explain the importance of integrating software applications in a typical office environment and demonstrate commonly used techniques
6. Provide examples to show the application of information technology (IT) to commercial applications and explain how IT supports the individual business processes

COMPUTER AND INDUSTRIES
1. Show an awareness of current developments in the commercial “World of Computers” and describe the parts of a modern business personal computer (PC) together with its common peripherals
2. Explain, in everyday terms, the specification of a PC as detailed in a typical advertisement from a non-technical publication such as a daily newspaper
3. Describe a range of different types of computers and their likely applications in a business environment
4. Use a Graphical User Interface (GUI), such as Microsoft Windows, to set up and manage a customised working environment
5. Understand the need to organise and to manage backing storage, in both the personal and business environments
6. Demonstrate an awareness of the principal structures underlying the Internet, e-mail and the World Wide Web
7. Use browser and search engine software to access, download and edit information of value to the business
8. Show an appreciation of the various applications in a modern office suite of software
9. Compose, send and receive e-mails and manage a personal mailbox using appropriate software
10. Draw simple diagrams to illustrate network topologies commonly employed in businesses of varying sizes
11. Show an appreciation of the need for adequate security with respect to hardware, software and data in the business environment

 COMPUTER REPAIRS AND MAINTANANCE
1. Describe the parts of a modern PC and how they are configured, using and explaining common terms and abbreviations.
2. Demonstrate awareness of the development of Intel’s family of microprocessors (and those of its major competitors) and describe the architecture of a simple 8-bit microprocessor.
3. Describe a range of input/output devices and secondary storage systems and specify appropriate applications for them in the commercial world.
4. Understand the need for good file and disk management and describe how to carry out basic housekeeping in both GUI and command line environments.
5. Identify risks inherent in the use of computers in a commercial environment and describe how these can be managed in order for the business to remain in existence.
6. Describe a typical PC local area network (LAN), its component parts and its relationship to other more extensive networks.
7. Demonstrate an understanding of the major types of processing systems, including client-server and distributed processing.
8. Describe and contrast different processing methods and their relationships to the various categories of software such as systems, development and applications software.

COMPUTER IN BUSINESS
1. Demonstrate knowledge in a variety of typical applications software.
2. Demonstrate an understanding of how IT has been adopted in business and finance.
3. Examine the nature of data and information and the role of applications software.
. 4. Demonstrate an understanding of the importance of using an appropriate methodology in the development of IT systems.
5. Analyse and demonstrate an understanding of the risks around IT systems and the management of those risks.
6. Examine and make judgements with regard to the ethical, legal, moral, social, health and safety, economic and political dimensions involved in adopting IT systems.
7. Demonstrate an understanding of spreadsheets and their applications.
8. Demonstrate an understanding of e-commerce, m-commerce and their applications.
9. Demonstrate the ability to apply syllabus knowledge to case studies and scenarios in order to analyse information for the purposes of making judgements and solving problems

PRINCIPLE OF PROGRAMMING
1. Describe the normal steps in developing a program using a common high level programming language.
2. Declare and process appropriate data structures.
3. Apply selection constructs in conditional statements.
4. Employ repetition constructs in programs, including nested loops.
5. Declare and apply one-dimensional arrays.
6. Implement input and output statements.
7. Construct programs which employ procedures and functions.
8. Explain how to identify program errors and how to test programs in
a systematic manner.
9. Complete the detailed documentation of one or more programs.
10. Demonstrate the ability to complete a programming project.
11. Demonstrate the skills required in the management of a software development project.

COMPUTER NETWORKING
1. Demonstrate an understanding of data communications principles and networking concepts.
2. Discuss the major aspects of network models and communication protocols.
3. Identify and explain the purposes of network components and architectures.
4. Present aspects of access control in the data link layer of the Internet model.
5. Demonstrate an understanding of data transmission error detection and correction.
6. Demonstrate an understanding of wireless and mobile computing.
7. Describe cryptography, security protocols and dominant technologies for connecting to the Internet.
8. Understand and explain the functions of the network layer.
9. Discuss the client-server architecture.
10. Describe popular services in the application layer.
11. Understand the principles of network management.
12. Apply the principles of network capacity and availability management.

INFORMATION SYSTEM PROJECT MANAGEMENT
1. Discuss the term ‘project’, explain the benefits of handling some specific business activities as projects, and identify the major tasks associated with effective project management.
2. Identify the common ways in which projects may be initiated and formally launched.
3. Explain the concept of the project life cycle and describe the project management activities within the cycle.
4. Explain how the work content of a project may be estimated for Rendering and contractual purposes.
5. Describe the methods by which a detailed project plan can be created and maintained.
6. Explain how to monitor and control the progress of a project.
7. Identify the major factors in team organisation and management that would contribute to a successful project.
8. Assess the importance of quality management, especially in software projects.
9. Examine the reasons for effecting changes to project plans and describe the consequent need for a method of configuration control.
10. Discuss the activities needed in the closure and review of a project.
11. Assess the value of employing software packages in support of project management activities.

INTERNET SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
1. Consider the Internet and its associated technologies.
2. Discuss and assess the World Wide Web in terms of its business benefits.
3. Assess the concepts and practice of other major Internet applications protocols.
4. Develop web pages using the HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
5. Develop interactive web pages using client-side scripting.
6. Critically compare the technologies associated with web servers.
7. Analyse and draw conclusions on web site design issues.
8. Make judgements on the security threats associated with the Internet and evaluate techniques designed to minimise them.

DATABASE APPLICATION
1. Critically evaluate database systems in comparison with other kinds of information systems.
2. Demonstrate an understanding of the foundations of the relational model.
3. Analyse a set of requirements to produce a conceptual model for a  business application.
4. Normalise a relational database schema.
5. Use SQL to query an existing database.
6. Establish and modify a new database.
7. Advise on techniques for database performance tuning.
8. Advise on the issues involved in concurrent access to a database.
9. Ensure the correct application of techniques for database recovery.
10. Advise on the issues involved in database security.
11. Advise on the application of data warehousing.
12. Advise on current trends in databases.